EU AI Act glossary · Core concepts· Art. 51, 55
Systemic risk (GPAI)
A general-purpose AI model is presumed to carry systemic risk when the cumulative compute used to train it exceeds 10²⁵ floating-point operations, triggering stricter obligations under Article 55.
Systemic-risk models must undergo standardised model evaluation and adversarial testing, assess and mitigate Union-level risks, track and report serious incidents, and ensure adequate cybersecurity. The Commission can also designate a model as systemic-risk irrespective of the compute threshold.
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